Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalysis and introduced concepts — the unconscious mind, repression, the Oedipus complex, ego and id — that transformed Western culture's understanding of human psychology and behavior. His major works, including The Interpretation of Dreams (1900) and Civilization and Its Discontents (1930), extended psychoanalytic theory into anthropology, religion, and social critique. Though many of his specific theories have been revised or rejected, Freud's framework permanently altered psychiatry, literature, art, and intellectual life.