# Moctezuma II

Moctezuma II was the ninth ruler of the Aztec Empire and the last independent Huey Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan. He ruled over the largest empire in Mesoamerican history. His encounter with Hernán Cortés and the Spanish conquistadors in 1519 led to the fall of the Aztec Empire and the death of Moctezuma himself in 1520 — under disputed circumstances.

## Quick Facts

- **Born:** January 1, 1466
- **Birthplace:** Tenochtitlan, Mexico
- **Nationality:** Mexican
- **Occupation:** politician
- **Category:** Power & Politics
- **Also Known As:** Moctezuma el Joven, El Señor Airado

## Overview

Moctezuma Xocoyotzin, retroactively referred to in European sources as Moctezuma II, and often simply called Montezuma, was the ninth emperor of the Aztec Empire, reigning from 1502 or 1503 to 1520. Through his marriage with Queen Tlapalizquixochtzin of Ecatepec, one of his two wives, he was also the king consort of the altepetl.

## Wikipedia Context

This profile section is complemented from Wikipedia for Moctezuma II. Tlahtoāni of the Aztec Empire until 1520

## Sources

Primary source page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moctezuma_II

## Timeline

### 1466 — Birth
Birth of Moctezuma II.

### 1503 — Coronation Stone of the Five Suns, a stone with inscriptions in Nahuatl writing...
Coronation Stone of the Five Suns, a stone with inscriptions in Nahuatl writing depicting the date 15 July 1503 in the Aztec calendar

### 1505 — In the year 1505, a major drought resulted in widespread crop failure, and thus...
In the year 1505, a major drought resulted in widespread crop failure, and thus a large portion of the population of central Mexico began to starve

### 1514 — Another natural disaster, of lesser intensity, occurred in the winter of 1514,...
Another natural disaster, of lesser intensity, occurred in the winter of 1514, when a series of dangerous snowstorms resulted in the destruction of various crops and property across Mexico

### 1566 — Ancestry and early life Moctezuma's ancestry as depicted in a 1566 manuscript...
Ancestry and early life Moctezuma's ancestry as depicted in a 1566 manuscript Moctezuma II was the great-grandson of Moctezuma I through his daughter Atotoztli II and her husband Huehue Tezozómoc (not to be confused with the Tepanec leader)

### 2026 — Wikipedia Complement
Profile metadata and editorial blocks were complemented using Wikipedia and Wikidata references.

### 2026 — Profile Update
Structured profile components were updated to improve completeness.

## Quotes

> "Profile note: Moctezuma II was complemented using Wikipedia reference material."
> — Moctezuma II, Peoplebio editorial note (2026)

> "Editorial note: This block stores profile notes and source context, not attributed quotations."
> — Moctezuma II, Peoplebio editorial note (2026)

> "Source note: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moctezuma_II"
> — Moctezuma II, Peoplebio editorial note (2026)

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Source: https://peoplebio.info/p/moctezuma-ii