# Agustín de Iturbide Agustín de Iturbide was the royalist military officer who switched sides and negotiated Mexican independence in 1821 through the Plan de Iguala. He then had himself crowned Agustín I, Emperor of Mexico in 1822 — the only native-born emperor. His empire collapsed within a year, he was exiled, and was executed upon returning to Mexico in 1824. ## Quick Facts - **Born:** September 27, 1783 - **Birthplace:** Valladolid, Mexico - **Nationality:** Mexican - **Occupation:** politician - **Category:** Power & Politics - **Also Known As:** Agustín I, El Liberador ## Overview Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu, commonly known as Agustín de Iturbide and later by his regnal name Agustín I, was the first Emperor of Mexico from 1822 until his abdication in 1823. An officer in the royal Spanish army, during the Mexican War of Independence he initially fought insurgent forces rebelling against the Spanish crown before changing sides in 1820 and leading a coalition of former royalists and long-time insurgents under his Plan of Iguala. The combined forces under Iturbide brought about Mexican independence in September 1821. After securing the secession of Mexico from Spain, Iturbide was proclaimed president of the Regency in 1821; a year later, he was proclaimed Emperor, reigning from 19 May 1822 to 19 March 1823, when he abdicated. In May 1823 he went into exile in Europe. When he returned to Mexico in July 1824, he was arrested and executed. ## Wikipedia Context This profile section is complemented from Wikipedia for Agustín de Iturbide. Mexican army general and politician, 1st emperor of Mexico ## Sources Primary source page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_de_Iturbide ## Timeline ### 1783 — Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu was born in what was then called... Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu was born in what was then called Valladolid, now Morelia, the provincial capital of Michoacán, on 27 September 1783 ### 1783 — Birth Birth of Agustín de Iturbide. ### 1805 — In 1805, when he was twenty-two, Iturbide married Doña Ana María Josefa Ramona... In 1805, when he was twenty-two, Iturbide married Doña Ana María Josefa Ramona de Huarte y Muñiz, member of the House of Tagle of the family of the Marquises of Altamira ### 1806 — In 1806, he was promoted to full lieutenant. In 1806, he was promoted to full lieutenant. ### 1809 — He may have been involved in the initial conspiracy to declare independence in... He may have been involved in the initial conspiracy to declare independence in 1809 that was headed by José Mariano Michelena in Valladolid ### 1810 — 1810–1816 Iturbide After the outbreak of the War of Independence in 1810,... 1810–1816 Iturbide After the outbreak of the War of Independence in 1810, leader of the insurgency, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, offered Iturbide the rank of lieutenant general in the insurgent forces, which Iturbide rejected, remaining firmly a royal army officer at the outbreak of the war ### 1812 — The 1812 Cadiz Constitution, which was reinstated in Spain in 1820 after the... The 1812 Cadiz Constitution, which was reinstated in Spain in 1820 after the successful Riego Revolt, established a constitutional monarchy, which greatly limited Ferdinand VII's powers ### 1813 — Then, in 1814, he was named the commander of forces in the Bajío area of... Then, in 1814, he was named the commander of forces in the Bajío area of Guanajuato, where he continued to pursue the rebels with vigor in a strongly contested area, and was Morelos's principal military opponent from 1813 to 1815 ### 1814 — The next major encounter between Morelos and Iturbide occurred in a town called... The next major encounter between Morelos and Iturbide occurred in a town called Puruarán, Michoacán, on 5 January 1814 ### 2026 — Wikipedia Complement Profile metadata and editorial blocks were complemented using Wikipedia and Wikidata references. ### 2026 — Profile Update Structured profile components were updated to improve completeness. ## Quotes > "Profile note: Agustín de Iturbide was complemented using Wikipedia reference material." > — Agustín de Iturbide, Peoplebio editorial note (2026) > "Editorial note: This block stores profile notes and source context, not attributed quotations." > — Agustín de Iturbide, Peoplebio editorial note (2026) > "Source note: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_de_Iturbide" > — Agustín de Iturbide, Peoplebio editorial note (2026) --- Source: https://peoplebio.info/p/agustin-de-iturbide